Я вчера думал по поводу контрастов и надумал что контраст - это передача общего контраста картинки (свет же может быть как жесткий так и мягкий), т.е. количество серого между белым и черным, а микроконтраст это степень передачи серого между белым и черным в деталях. Для более детального определения микроконтраста можно почитать статью ниже по этому поводу, умного человека Roger W. Hicks
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Фрагмент статьи "о шести разных контрастах"(если кому непонятно пишите, переведу)
Then there is a sixth use of the word “contrast,” this time in a compound: “microcontrast.” Also known as “acutance” and “sharpness,” microcontrast is a measure of the rapidity of the transition between light and dark in an image.
Imagine an image of a backlit razor blade. The dark side is black: around it is light. In a perfect imaging system, there would be an immediate transition between dark and light. In the real world, there is literally a “gray area,” a transition zone between the two. The smaller the gray area, the better the microcontrast—and as with lens/camera contrast, more microcontrast is better, unless you are specifically trying for an
old-fashioned effect.
For obvious reasons, microcontrast is more important with 35mm than with roll film, and more important with roll film than with large formats.
Microcontrast is affected by the lens (including flare); by the film; by exposure; and by development. Its not the same as resolution, incidentally. A lens can have high resolution and low contrast: youll be able to see the finest lines on a resolution chart, but only as faint shades of gray. A lens with lower resolution and higher contrast will often look “sharper”: you wont be able to see the finest lines at all, but the ones you can see will be crisper and contrastier.
Much the same is true of film. Increased exposure will always reduce microcontrast, principally because of light diffused by the thickness of the emulsion: for maximum microcontrast, keep exposure to a minimum.